Monosaccharide: the word mono means 1 and saccharide means sugar. Monosaccharide are simple sugar unit they cannot be hydrolyzed in simple form. The general formula are (CH2O)n. n is the number of corban atoms. Monosaccharide are classified on the basis of monosaccharide. Monosaccharide are triose, tetrose, pentose, haxose, haptose. All these are classified on the basis of carbon atom.
First we will learn about the structure of triose which have 3 carbon atom. Then step by step learn all so,

TRIOSE:  TRI MEANS  3 so triose have 3 carbon atom. Example of triose are glyceraldehyde which have aldehyde group, and di hydroxy acetone ( di means 2 hydroxy group and 1 acetone)

     CHO                                        CH2-OH
      |                                              |
 H -C-OH                                      C=0
      |                                              |
      CH2-OH                                  CH2-OH

Glyceraldehyde                        dihydroxy acetone                 

They are simple sugar. They are in simple form they cannot be hydrolyzed in simple into another form. they are most found in metabolism in biochemistry reaction.

TETROSE:   have 4 carbon atoms on the basis of formula. Example are erthrose thriose erthrolse
Pentose: have 5 carbon atom

HAXOSE:  haxose have 6 carbon atoms example  allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose
The formula to learn these name is "All Altruists Gladly Make Gum in Gallon Tanks": allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose

Haptose: have 7 corban atom e.g are sedohaptolose

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